部门端

一.前言

本问主要是基于上一篇文章的最后一个案例的美化和升级

二.新建项目

记得安装库(Django，flask，requests)，剩下就不多说了

1772028347884

三.表结构创建

先在excel表中设计一下

1772029248712

models.py

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from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Department(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name="部门",max_length=100)

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=100)
    password=models.CharField(max_length=100)
    age=models.IntegerField()
    account=models.DecimalField(max_digits=10,decimal_places=2,default=0)
    create_date=models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    # 无约束
    # depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")

    # 1.有约束
    # - to, 与那张表关联
    # - to_field, 表中的那一列关联
    # 2.django自动
    # - 写的depart
    # - 生成数据列 depart_id
    # 3.部门表被删除
    # ### 3.1 级联删除
    depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    # ### 3.2 置空
    # depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "女"),
    )

    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)

四.生成数据库

首先就是Django连接上数据库，这里记得要下载mysqlclient库

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python manege.py makemigration
python manage.py migrate
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mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_list             |
+----------------------------+
| app1_department            |
| app1_userinfo              |
| auth_group                 |
| auth_group_permissions     |
| auth_permission            |
| auth_user                  |
| auth_user_groups           |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| django_admin_log           |
| django_content_type        |
| django_migrations          |
| django_session             |
+----------------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc app1_department;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | bigint       | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| title | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc app1_userinfo;
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field       | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id          | bigint        | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name        | varchar(100)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| password    | varchar(100)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age         | int           | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| account     | decimal(10,2) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| create_date | datetime(6)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| gender      | smallint      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| depart_id   | bigint        | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

五.部门列表展示

1772086915060

views.py

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from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
def department_list(request):
    return render(request,'department_list.html')

urls.py

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from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('depart/list/', views.department_list),
]

department_list.html

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{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plungs/bootstrap/bootstrap.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg bg-body-tertiary">
  <div class="container">
    <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">公司用户管理系统</a>
    <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
      <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
    </button>
    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
      <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0">
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="/depart/list">部门管理</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
        </li>

      </ul>
     <li class="nav-item dropdown">
          <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" style="margin-right:50px;">
            lion
          </a>
          <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">我的信息</a></li>
            <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">个人资料</a></li>
            <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">注销</a></li>
          </ul>
     </li>
        <a href="#" style="text-decoration:none;color:black;">
            登录
        </a>
     </div>
  </div>
</nav>

<div class="container" style="margin-top:30px;">
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">新建部门</button>
    <div class="bd-example">
  <table class="table table-bordered" style="margin-top:10px;">
      <thead>
    <tr>
      <th scope="col" style="font-size:20px;">ID</th>
      <th scope="col" style="font-size:20px;">名称</th>
      <th scope="col" style="font-size:20px;">操作</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row" style="font-size:25px;">1</th>
      <td style="font-size:25px;">销售部</td>
      <td>
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">添加</button>
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">删除</button>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>

  </table>
</div>
</div>
<script src="{% static 'plungs/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-4.0.0.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>

效果：

1772090793247

六.数据库数据

数据库操作

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mysql> insert into app1_department(title) values("IT部门"),("销售部");
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from app1_department;
+----+--------+
| id | title  |
+----+--------+
|  1 | IT部门 |
|  2 | 销售部 |
+----+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

views.py

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from app1 import models
def department_list(request):
    date_department = models.Department.objects.all()

    return render(request,'department_list.html',{'date_department':date_department})

.html

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<tbody>
  {% for it in date_department %}
    <tr>
      <th scope="row" style="font-size:23px;">{{it.id}}</th>
      <td style="font-size:23px;">{{it.title}}</td>
      <td>
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">添加</button>
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">删除</button>
      </td>
    </tr>
  {% endfor %}
  </tbody>

1772092938763

效果

1772092969626

七.添加页面

views.py

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def department_add(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request,'department_add.html')
    else:
        name=request.POST.get('title')
        print(name)
        models.Department.objects.create(title=name)
        return render(request,'department_add.html')

html

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{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plungs/bootstrap/bootstrap.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" style="margin-top:30px;">
    <h3>新建部门</h3>
    <form class="row row-cols-lg-auto g-3 align-items-center" method="post" action="/depart/add/">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <div class="col-12">
            <label class="visually-hidden" for="inlineFormInputGroupUsername">Username</label>
            <div class="input-group">
            <div class="input-group-text">部门</div>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroupUsername" placeholder="depart_name" name="title">
        </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
      <a href="/depart/list/">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">返回</button>
    </a>
  </div>
</form>
</div>

<script src="{% static 'plungs/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-4.0.0.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>

八.删除页面

views.py

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def department_delete(request):
    nid=request.GET.get('nid')
    models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
    return render(request,'department_delete.html')

html

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<body>
    <h3>
        <a href="/depart/list/" style="text-decoration:none;color:black;">
            删除成功
        </a>
    </h3>
</body>

还要注意_list的html的按钮跳转格式

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<a href="/depart/delete/?nid={{it.id}}">
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">删除</button>
</a>

九.编辑页面

其实和八的部分大差不差，也是传给他id然后update一下就好了

这里介绍另外一种写法

urls.py

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path('depart/<int:nid>/edit/', views.department_edit),	#这样接收到地址是http://127.0.0.1:8000/depart/8/edit/

views.py

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def department_edit(request,nid):
    date=models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
    print(date.title)
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request,'department_edit.html',{date:date})
    else:
        models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=request.POST.get('title'))
        return redirect("/depart/list")

十.模板的继承

定义模板

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<h1>用户列表</h1>
<body>
    {% block content %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
<a href="/info/subscribe" style="text-decoration:none">添加</a>

使用模板

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{% extends  'layout.html' %}
{% block content %}
    <h1>哈哈哈哈</h1>
{% endblock %}

1772098539048

十一.department完整代码

urls.py

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from django.urls import path
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('depart/list/', views.department_list),
    path('depart/add/', views.department_add),
    path('depart/delete/', views.department_delete),
    path('depart/<int:nid>/edit/', views.department_edit),
]


views.py

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from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect

# Create your views here.
from app1 import models
def department_list(request):
    date_department = models.Department.objects.all()

    return render(request,'department_list.html',{'date_department':date_department})
def department_add(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request,'department_add.html')
    else:
        name=request.POST.get('title')
        print(name)
        models.Department.objects.create(title=name)
        return render(request,'department_add.html')

def department_delete(request):
    nid=request.GET.get('nid')
    models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
    return redirect("/depart/list")

def department_edit(request,nid):
    date=models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
    print(date.title)
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request,'department_edit.html',{"date":date})
    else:
        models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=request.POST.get('title'))
        return redirect("/depart/list")

department_add.html

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{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plungs/bootstrap/bootstrap.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" style="margin-top:30px;">
    <h3>新建部门</h3>
    <form class="row row-cols-lg-auto g-3 align-items-center" method="post" action="/depart/add/">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <div class="col-12">
            <label class="visually-hidden" for="inlineFormInputGroupUsername">Username</label>
            <div class="input-group">
            <div class="input-group-text">部门</div>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroupUsername" placeholder="depart_name" name="title">
        </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
      <a href="/depart/list/">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">返回</button>
    </a>
  </div>
</form>
</div>

<script src="{% static 'plungs/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-4.0.0.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>

department_edit.html

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{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plungs/bootstrap/bootstrap.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" style="margin-top:30px;">
    <h3>编辑部门名称</h3>
    <form class="row row-cols-lg-auto g-3 align-items-center" method="post"">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <div class="col-12">
            <label class="visually-hidden" for="inlineFormInputGroupUsername">Username</label>
            <div class="input-group">
            <div class="input-group-text">部门</div>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroupUsername" placeholder="{{date.title}}" name="title">
        </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
  </div>

<script src="{% static 'plungs/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-4.0.0.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>

department_list.html

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{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plungs/bootstrap/bootstrap.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg bg-body-tertiary">
  <div class="container">
    <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">公司用户管理系统</a>
    <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
      <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
    </button>
    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
      <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0">
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="/depart/list">部门管理</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
        </li>

      </ul>
     <li class="nav-item dropdown">
          <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" style="margin-right:50px;">
            lion
          </a>
          <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">我的信息</a></li>
            <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">个人资料</a></li>
            <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">注销</a></li>
          </ul>
     </li>
        <a href="#" style="text-decoration:none;color:black;">
            登录
        </a>
     </div>
  </div>
</nav>

<div class="container" style="margin-top:30px;">
    <a href="/depart/add/">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">新建部门</button>
    </a>
    <div class="bd-example">
  <table class="table table-bordered" style="margin-top:10px;">
      <thead>
    <tr>
      <th scope="col" style="font-size:20px;">ID</th>
      <th scope="col" style="font-size:20px;">名称</th>
      <th scope="col" style="font-size:20px;">操作</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
  {% for it in date_department %}
    <tr>
      <th scope="row" style="font-size:23px;">{{it.id}}</th>
      <td style="font-size:23px;">{{it.title}}</td>
      <td>
          <a href="/depart/{{it.id}}/edit">
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">编辑</button>
          </a>
          <a href="/depart/delete/?nid={{it.id}}">
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">删除</button>
          </a>
      </td>
    </tr>
  {% endfor %}
  </tbody>

用户端

一.用户HTML页面

思路和前面一样就不细说代码了

先喂一波数据

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INSERT INTO app1_userinfo (name, password, age, account, create_date, gender, depart_id) VALUES
('张三', '123456', 25, 8000.00, '2021-11-23', 1, 12),
('李四', '123456', 28, 9500.00, '2019-02-03', 1, 12),
('王芳', '123456', 26, 8800.00, '2022-02-22', 0, 13),
('赵丽', '123456', 24, 7800.00, '2020-04-03', 0, 13),
('刘伟', '123456', 32, 12000.00, '2010-03-04', 1, 14);

然后做出来的效果就是这样

1772109841714

但是这里要补充几点

看这三行

1772109895883 
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我们正常{{it.create_date}}是像这样”Nov. 23, 2021, midnight“，加上| date:"Y-m-d"就会像这样“	2021-11-23”，如果y是小写那么只有两位整数

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gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (0, "女"),
    )
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)

{{it.gender}}	#数据显示1/2
{{it.get_gender_display}}	#会显示男/女

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{{it.depart_id会显示/depart/list表中部门的id}}
{{it.depart}}会显示部门（包括id和部门）
{{it.depart.title}}只显示部门

二.新建员工数据

老方法/Form组件（小简便）/ModelForm组件（最简便）

老方法

数据构建就和前面的一样，但这里要注意的是

性别/部门方面

下面以性别为例

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gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),	#元组
        (0, "女"),	#元组
    )
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)

所以我可以先引入date=models.XX.gender_choice,然后导入html，然后用
<select>
	<option value={{it.0}}>{{it.first}}</option>
</select>

缺点：

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用户数据提交没有检验为空，也应有错误提示，每一个字段都需要重写，还要手动去获取

Form

views.py

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class MyForm(forms.Form):
    user=forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInputInput)
    password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    if request.method="GET":
        form=MyForm()
        return render("request","index.html",{"form":form})

index.html

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{% for it in form %}
	{{it}}
{% endfor %}

ModelForm

views.py

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class userinfo(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ('username','email','password')
        
def add(request):
    userinfo=userinfo()
    renturn ...{"userform":userinfo}

使用就是{{userinfo.username}}

案例

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class userinfo(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ('name','password','age','account','create_date','depart','gender')


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<form class="row g-3">
    {% for it in user %}
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label class="form-label">{{it.label}}</label>
      {{it}}
  </div>
{% endfor %}
     <div class="col-12">
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">注册</button>
  </div>
</form>

可以发现修改后代码简短很多，看的很舒适，但是生成的效果会缺了下图中框出的部分

1772116267710

但是发现这个标签是属于forms的内部，那要怎么运用呢

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class userinfo(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ('name','password','age','account','create_date','depart','gender')
        widgets = {
            'name':forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}),
            。。。。。。
        }

但是这样子也要改好多

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class userinfo(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ('name','password','age','account','create_date','depart','gender')
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            field.widget.attrs.update({'class': 'form-control'})

views.py

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class userinfo(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ('name','password','age','account','create_date','depart','gender')
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            field.widget.attrs.update({'class': 'form-control'})
def user_add(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        user=userinfo()
        return render(request,'user_add.html',{"user":user})

    else:
        name=request.POST.get('name')
        password=request.POST.get('password')
        age=request.POST.get('age')
        account=request.POST.get('account')
        create_date=request.POST.get('create_date')
        depart=request.POST.get('depart')
        gender=request.POST.get('gender')
        			      models.UserInfo.objects.create(name=name,password=password,age=age,account=account,create_date=create_date,depart_id=depart,gender=gender)
        return redirect("/user/list")


html

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{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plungs/bootstrap/bootstrap.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" style="margin-top:60px;">
<div class="bd-example m-0 border-0">
<form class="row g-3" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for it in user %}
 		 <div class="col-md-6">
    		<label class="form-label">{{it.label}}</label>
      			{{it}}	#这个就是高明之处了，会自动匹配对应格式
 		 </div>
	{% endfor %}
    <div class="col-12">
     	<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">注册</button>
  	</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
    
<script src="{% static 'plungs/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-4.0.0.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>

还可以将新建函数这样子改

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 原：  else:
      name=request.POST.get('name')
      password=request.POST.get('password')
      age=request.POST.get('age')
      account=request.POST.get('account')
      create_date=request.POST.get('create_date')
      depart=request.POST.get('depart')
      gender=request.POST.get('gender')
      			      models.UserInfo.objects.create(name=name,password=password,age=age,account=account,create_date=create_date,depart_id=depart,gender=gender)
      return redirect("/user/list")
  
  
  
改：  else:
      shuju=userinfo(request.POST)
      if shuju.is_valid():
          shuju.save()
          return redirect("/user/list")

那如果输入为空要显示报错要怎么办呢，正常的html页面都有检验，我们要先关掉

1772195302874

1772195319630

改为中文

1772195413543